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Coccidial species are as follows: Cattle: Eimeria zuernii, E. bovis, and E. ellipsoidalis; E. alabamensis, E. auburnensis, and E. wyomingensis Sheep: E. arloingi A (ovina), E. weybridgenis (E. arloingi B), E. crandallis, E. ahsata, and E. ovinoidalis (previously known as E. ninakohlyakimovae)...

Coccidiosis - Cattle and Shoats

A few examples of Zoonotic Diseases.

Zoonoses are diseases that are transmissible between vertebrate animals and humans; they may produce different symptoms in humans. The risk of catching a zoonotic disease varies according to the individual’s occupation, frequency and type of contact with animals and geographical location. In...

A methodical approach to performing a clinical examination is set out in the attached image.

It is usually recommended to ‘replace like with like’. This statement means that whatever fluid has been lost from the body should be replaced with fluid of the same type. For example, a cat that has had a road traffic accident and lost blood should receive blood during its fluid therapy...

Classification and mode of action of commonly used antibacterial drugs. The penicillins and the cephalosporins are collectively known as the b-lactams. The sulphonamides and the diaminopyrimidines are often combined; for example, trimethoprim and sulfadiazine may be combined in a single preparation.

Proper placement of a nose ring helps prevent subsequent loss of the ring associated with ripping the ring through the muzzle during restraint. Rings are commonly placed in young bulls as they reach puberty and begin to show dominant or aggressive tendencies. It may be necessary to install a...

Blindness is manifested as a clinical abnormality by the animal walking into objects that it should avoid. Vision is a cerebral cortical function and is evaluated using the pupillary light reflex, the menace response, and the ability to navigate around a novel obstacle course. The pupillary...

Patients that have suffered trauma may have evidence of fractures, or of muscle or joint injury. Several general points to consider when dealing with emergencies with fractures or other limb injuries are as follows. Prevent/reduce haemorrhage: If there is an open fracture, dress the wound...

The main purpose of a cardiovascular system examination in an emergency patient is to detect the presence of shock. In the veterinary field, shock is defined as a lack of oxygen delivery to the tissues. This occurs most commonly secondary to a problem of the circulatory system and hypoperfusion...