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General Discussions
Conversations among veterinary professionals on ethics, attitudes and animals.
Rumination is a complex process and consists of the following:
Regurgitation
Remastication
Insalivation
Deglutition
Rumination is initiated by the rumination center close to the gastric center in the medulla oblongata. Rumination allows further physical breakdown of feed with the addition of...
Zoonoses are diseases that are transmissible between vertebrate animals and humans; they may produce different symptoms in humans. The risk of catching a zoonotic disease varies according to the individual’s occupation, frequency and type of contact with animals and geographical location. In...
Foreign body, tumor, or inflammatory swelling in pharynx or esophagus.
Painful condition of pharynx or esophagus.
Esophageal obstruction by impacted feed material.
Esophageal dilatation caused by paralysis.
Esophageal diverticulum.
Esophageal spasm at site of mucosal erosion.
Abdominal distension may be due to pregnancy, abnormal accumulations of food, gas or fluid in the abdominal cavity or herniation of the abdominal wall.
Important causes include:
Bloat - frothy bloat or free gas bloat
Advanced pregnancy - periparturient oedema and/or gravid uterus
Vagal...
This is a problem of excessive riding behaviour. In cattle it can involve animals regardless of age, sex, pregnancy status or stage of the oestrous cycle.
It is a more common and serious problem in groups of bulls or steers. In sheep and goats it is more common in groups of entire or castrated...
A viral disease of cattle and buffalo, transmitted by mosquitoes and midges, and more commonly seen in young, immunologically naïve cattle. It is common in wet seasons, and is occasionally seen more when climatic conditions favour widespread distribution of the insect vectors. Typically...
Bright eyes, a shiny coat and an alert disposition are all characteristics of a healthy cat. Healthy cats have good appetites, groom themselves well and interact with their owners.There is no one best place to find a healthy cat, so in your search consider neighbors, friends, coworkers, local...
The cheapest and most-effective method of disease control is through implementing biosecurity.
Biosecurity ensures that the health and well being of your birds is protected hence improving the immunity and performance of your flock.
Biosecurity is a management practice designed to prevent...
Melatonin: Think of melatonin as your biological clock. This hormone is responsible for the way you feel throughout the day as far as alertness is concerned. All those drowsy feelings? Blame the melatonin.
Serotonin: This is the one you can blame for PMS and the moody teenager. Serotonin...
Typical items to keep in stock depending on your budget and size of operation include :
1. Antibiotics (must have)
1.1 Oxytetracycline
1.2 PenStrep LA or Procaine Penicillin
1.3 Sulfamethoxazole & Trimethoprim preparations
1.4 Antibiotic eye ointment
2. Foot Bath/Wound Treatment
2.1 Copper...
Did you know that vitamins deficiency can make your chicks get crooked neck disease - torticollis.
The chick tends to be unable to control it's neck and unable to also hold it up. The chick also tends to lose balance or walk backwards.
To avoid this condition, ensure that you give your chicks...
𝙈𝙚𝙩𝙝𝙤𝙙𝙨 𝙤𝙛 𝙥𝙧𝙚𝙜𝙣𝙖𝙣𝙘𝙮 𝙙𝙞𝙖𝙜𝙣𝙤𝙨𝙞𝙨
A variety of different methods have been, and are still, used to detect the presence or absence of pregnancy in the cow. These range from the identification of substances that are present in body fluids using laboratory assays, and from different ultrasound modes...
Quarantine refers to the total ban on movement of livestock and livestock products from one administrative unit (district) to another following an outbreak of a notifiable disease. Quarantine is normally imposed by the veterinary authorities as a disease control measure.
Livestock Movement...
In East Africa many serious diseases are transferred by ticks. This is less severe in Zero-grazing units than in animals grazing pastures and interacting with a certain amount of wildlife. The picture shows a typical cattle dip, preventing insect and particularly tick borne diseases, by letting...
The following methods are used in breeding:
Natural mating (proven and healthy bulls where A.I. is not available)
Artificial insemination (A. I.)
Multiple ovulation embryo transfer (MOET) (Not approved for Organic certified herds): is the process of taking embryos (fertilized ova) from a...
This is a collection of the drugs of choice in certain animal diseases:
Parasitic Diseases:
Cestodes - Niclosamides.
Oxyuris - Albendazole.
External parasites - Deltamethrin (Butox) / Amitraz.
Mange in rabbits - Ivermectin +Sulfer ointment.
Babesiosis - Imizol/Avinazine
Thileriosis - Butalex...