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Castration of male goats or kids is usually done during the first 7 – 14 days of their life. Castration of young animals produces less stress because they are more tolerant to pain at this age and have less chance of complications occurring during this procedure. Castration is usually performed...

Esophageal obstruction is a common occurrence in cattle and can occur within the proximal cervical esophagus, at the thoracic inlet or within the thoracic esophagus immediately cranial to the heart base. Etiology Choke can occur when occurs when the esophagus is blocked by food or foreign...

The main complications of wound healing are: Static or non-healing wound. Haemorrhage. Seroma formation. Infection. Sinus tract formation. Herniation. Wound dehiscence. The factors that above can lead to wound healing complications and failure. These must be assessed and corrected as...

Rift Valley fever (RVF) is an acute arthropod-borne viral disease that can cause severe disease in domestic animals, such as cattle, goats, sheep, camels and buffalo. Rift Valley fever is also an important zoonosis that can cause severe disease in humans. Aetiology Rift Valley fever virus is...