Zoonoses

Zoonoses are diseases that are transmissible between vertebrate animals and humans; they may produce different symptoms in humans. The risk of catching a zoonotic disease varies according to the individual’s occupation, frequency and type of contact with animals and geographical location. In veterinary field practice the risk is inevitably higher than in most environments, as staff regularly come into contact with animals and their waste products.

Important considerations for animals with suspected or confirmed zoonoses are as follows:

• Hygiene prophylaxis – strict attention must be paid to hygiene. Always take preventive measures: wash hands thoroughly after handling animals with any disease. It might turn out to be zoonotic even if it initially looks unlikely.
• Protection from zoonotic disease is a high priority. Personal protective equipment (PPE), such as disposable gloves, aprons and foot covers, should be worn. The amount of such clothing should be upgraded according to the degree of risk anticipated.
• Suspected cases should be handled solely at the isolation facility and should not be allowed in the general ward; exposure should be kept to a minimum, as far as possible.
• Ensure that the very young and old are not exposed to animals with possible zoonotic infections.
• Seek medical advice quickly if exposed to a zoonotic disease.
• Carrier animals are a potential source of infection with zoonotic disease
• Ensure that adequate prophylactic protection is implemented when there is a known possible risk. (e.g. rabies vaccines for vets dealing with dogs everyday).

Educating clients about disease risks from pets

Clients should be given the following advice:

• Do not allow animals to lick human faces or mouths – this is especially important when children are playing with animals.
• Never let animals eat or drink off utensils used for human food consumption.
• Clean and prepare animals’ feeding utensils in a separate area to human ones.
• Pregnant women should be vigilant about personal hygiene after contact with animals.
• Prevent cats from contaminating children’s play areas.
• Keep gardens and kennel runs clear of faeces.